What is the main purpose of a transformer?

The main purpose of a transformer is to change the voltage level in an AC circuit. Transformers operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction, using two coils (primary and secondary) wrapped around a common core. When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it generates a changing magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. Depending on the turns ratio of the coils, the transformer can either step up (increase) or step down (decrease) the voltage level, enabling efficient power transmission and distribution. This function is critical for adapting voltage levels to meet the needs of different components within an electrical system, ensuring that equipment operates safely and efficiently.